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Abstract

Leukemia, a type of blood cancer, is a malignancy of hematopoietic cells that affects individuals across all age groups. This case-control study aims to identify and evaluate the key risk factors associated with the development of leukemia. A total of 200 subjects were included in this study, comprising 100 confirmed leukemia cases and 100 matched controls based on age, sex, and geographical location. Data collection involved detailed questionnaires and medical history reviews, focusing on genetic predisposition, environmental exposures (such as radiation, chemicals, and occupational hazards), lifestyle factors (such as smoking, alcohol use, and diet), and pre-existing medical conditions. Statistical analyses, including multivariate logistic regression, were conducted to determine the strength of associations between these risk factors and leukemia incidence. The findings suggest that genetic mutations, occupational exposure to benzene and other chemicals, radiation exposure, and smoking are significant risk factors for leukemia. In contrast, lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption and diet showed weaker associations. A family history of cancer, particularly hematologic malignancies, emerged as a strong predictor of leukemia risk. The study highlights the importance of early identification of individuals at high risk and recommends the implementation of preventive strategies in high-risk populations, such as regular medical screenings and minimizing exposure to known carcinogens. Further research is necessary to explore potential gene-environment interactions and other emerging risk factors